Poland’s economy relies heavily on the contributions of foreign workers, as recent data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS) illustrates. By the end of July 2024, more than 1 million foreigners from over 150 countries were employed in Poland, representing 6.8% of the total workforce. Ukrainian citizens formed the largest group, with 701,300 individuals playing a critical role in various sectors.
This growing dependence on foreign labor underscores its importance in addressing labor shortages and supporting economic stability. As experts from Pracodawcy RP emphasize, “Statistics regarding foreign workers should send a clear message to policymakers: the work of foreigners is indispensable for the economic development of our country and the proper functioning of the labor market. We are talking about over a million people who actively participate in creating Poland’s prosperity.”
Addressing the Challenge: A New Migration Strategy
Recognizing the significance of foreign labor, the Polish government is drafting its migration strategy for 2025-2030 under the framework “Regain Control. Ensure Safety.” This initiative seeks to balance secure borders with the need to maintain a stable workforce.
While ensuring security is vital, experts caution against a narrow interpretation of the term. According to Pracodawcy RP, “Security is not just about tight borders and oversight of who enters Poland. If the labor market collapses due to a lack of workers, we can expect social unrest, insufficient tax revenues for the state budget, and a significant decline in the quality of public services. Consequently, the security of the state will also be at risk.”
The strategy reflects growing concerns over labor market sustainability, especially as foreign workers contribute significantly to Poland’s public finances and service industries.
Business Advocacy Leads to Policy Revisions
In December 2024, the government made a notable adjustment to its legislative proposal, following extensive consultations with business leaders. A controversial provision requiring all foreign workers to be employed solely under labor contracts (umowa o pracę) was removed. Minister of Development and Technology Krzysztof Paszyk announced the change, acknowledging the potential harm the regulation could have caused.
Pracodawcy RP applauded the decision, emphasizing its importance for Poland’s economic competitiveness. “We welcome the fact that the Council of Ministers listened to our arguments,” said the organization. “If this harmful regulation had been adopted, Poland would have lost its competitive edge and flexibility. Foreign workers would not only have been less inclined to come to Poland but many would also have left. Additionally, the cost of numerous services would have increased significantly, negatively impacting consumers.”
This move was seen as a victory for businesses and a step toward ensuring that Poland remains an attractive destination for foreign workers.
Risks of Restrictive Policies
Experts warn that failing to properly manage foreign worker policies could have severe consequences. Labor shortages could deepen, driving up costs for businesses and consumers. Additionally, tax revenues generated by foreign workers could decline, jeopardizing public services like healthcare and education.
Pracodawcy RP highlights the interconnectedness of economic and societal stability: “If Poland does not address the issue of foreign workers comprehensively, we risk undermining public safety in a broader sense—through economic and social instability.”
Striking a Balance
Foreign workers are essential to Poland’s economic resilience. As policymakers refine the 2025-2030 migration strategy, they must ensure it supports economic growth while maintaining security.
The recent removal of restrictive provisions demonstrates the government’s willingness to engage in dialogue with businesses and experts. However, sustained collaboration and careful implementation will be key to navigating the challenges ahead.
As Pracodawcy RP concludes, “Policymakers must prioritize policies that allow Poland to retain its competitive advantage while ensuring the safety and prosperity of the state. The contributions of foreign workers are central to achieving this balance.”
Poland’s ability to harness the potential of its diverse workforce will determine its economic trajectory in the years to come. With balanced and pragmatic policies, the country can continue to thrive in an increasingly competitive global economy.
